Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy is the damaging effect of diabetes on retinal blood vessels that can cause blindness when diagnosed late. Microaneurysms are early signs of the disease that their early diagnosis promotes timely treatment and prevents disease progression. Since this disease is asymptomatic and can only be detected by ophthalmologists, diabetic patients should be tested regularly. On the other hand, given the fact that the increase rate of the number of ophthalmologists is less than the growth of the diabetic population, manual diagnosis of the lesion is time consuming and costly, and thus the design of automatic detection systems is essential. Method: In this descriptive analytic study, the fundus images of the retina were subjected to preprocessing. Then, the candidate regions of microanurysms were determined using the metric and MORPHOLOGICAL operators Bottom-hat and Hit-or-Miss. In the next step, using principal component analysis, the specificity of main feature of real microanurysms diagnosis was extracted. The DiaRetDB1 database images were used to evaluate the proposed algorithm. Results: The purpose of this research was to develop an automated method for the detection of microanurysms that can help ophthalmologists in the process of diabetic retinopathy screening and diagnosing the symptoms faster, easier and at lower cost. In evaluation, the proposed method achieved a sensitivity of 87. 6%, specificity of 98. 7% and the precision of 85. 7%. Conclusion: According to the results obtained based on evaluation parameters, the proposed method is one of the most accurate algorithms in this field.

Rapid unplanned urban sprawling has crated incoherent form of structures in urban neighborhoods. Creating physical-spatial balance, which has a great influence on the visual image of the city, needs a comprehensive perception of the context to intervene based on that. "Darb-e-Babataher" neighborhood located in the historic core of Khorramabad, adjacent to historical monuments such as Falak-ol-Aflak Castle, ancient bazar and many other cultural heritage sites, suffers from losing its valuable historical qualities, which is mainly caused by lack of form-MORPHOLOGICAL considerations in the urban context. This neighborhood have faced with some historical texture issues such as being fine-grained, compactness, lack of legibility and impermeability. Form-MORPHOLOGICAL studies are of great help to overcome these problems and depict a brighter future for urban designers and planners to implement urban plans. This research aims at a comprehensive analysis of urban form-morphology, seeking a conceptual-analytical model based on the later theories by the thinkers in two fields: urban form and "urban morphology, which provide a basis for comprehensive evaluation of the potentials of the studied case. The thinkers that are mentioned in "urban form" field include Lynch (1958, 1981), Conzen (1960), Leslie (1972), Handy (1996), Moudon (1997), Maller (1998), Cuthbert & Anderson (2002), Bramely, Glen & Karryn (2005), Alberti (2005), Thomas (2011), Oliveira (2016), Kropf (1993, 1996, 2017); meanwhile in "urban morphology" field they include: Conzen (1960), Levy (1999), Moudon (1998), Dovey and Ristic (2016), Pafka and Dovey (2017), Kropf (1996, 2017), and Oliveira (2018). This analytical model presents two dimensions and seven components as well as ten analytical indexes, which are recognized based on the coincidence of the components. These Ten indexes include: orientation and pattern of building establishment, proportion and area of the lots, segment relative to the main street, ground space of lots, floor space index, open space ratio, layers or building height, permeability, the degree of integration and the relationship of the nodes and the network of public spaces. This research is a practical survey according to its purpose, and the method of the research is a mixed one (both quantitative and qualitative). Qualitative method has been used with content analysis technique and the quantitative method is based on Agraph and Spacemate TECHNIQUES. So, after clear definition of the concepts of "urban form" and "urban morphology", their dimensions, components, ten indicators are identified. Finally, after identifying analytical TECHNIQUES and evaluating the indexes, these results are achieved: the neighborhood consist of compact low-rise blocks which has various built areas, few open spaces and interconnected fabric; undesirable connection of the urban spaces has caused impermeable and low value of spatial integration of the urban fabric. So "Darb-e-Babataher" neighborhood can be divided into four MORPHOLOGICAL regions, which have the special characters with the same results in evaluating Indexes. In each MORPHOLOGICAL region, implication polices are suggested such as: preserving historical species in lots, buildings and urban space, renovation of buildings, considering a regulation that limits the building density in the historical zones, widening streets with respect to original structure of texture, improvement and enhancing public land use as the important motivation development factor in achieving facilities and amenities in public places for inhabitants and tourists.

Alloxysta turcica Tataroğlu & Katılmış, 2023, a species recently described from Turkey, is now being synonymyzed with A. minuscula Andrews, 1978. This decision is based on MORPHOLOGICAL analysis, which has revealed significant similarities between the two species. The reasons and supporting illustrations for this synonymy are provided.

In order to investigate the possibility of quinoa producing in Garmsar, Iran, a factorial experiment conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in 2018-2019 growing season at Garmsar Agricultural Research Station. The factors were planting date at three levels (March 6th, April 1st and April 6th) and the three genotypes of quinoa (Q26, Q29 and Titicaca). Results showed that the effect of planting date was significant for all studied traits except the harvest index. Also, all studied traits were significantly different in all genotypes. Titicaca planted on March 6th had the highest yield (2276 kg.ha-1).The grain yield and yield components decreased with the delaying the planting date. Compared to early plantings, Latest date, April 6th, led to reduction of all traits, especially grain yield (about 50%). The results of simple phenotypic correlation between the studied traits showed that grain yield per hectare had the highest correlation with plant yield (0.877) and then with leaf area index (0.832), panicle weight (0.815) and number of branches per plant (0.745) that was significant at the 1% probability level.

Unilateral orchidectomy (UO) is required when further breeding potential is important. It is sometimes necessary to remove a single testis in a matured stallion for therapeutic reasons. In this study, twelve donkeys were used to evaluate three TECHNIQUES of unilateral castration, histological and MORPHOLOGICAL changes on the remaining testis. Results of the study showed that each of the surgical TECHNIQUES used had its advantages and disadvantages in comparison with the other two TECHNIQUES. Therefore the selection among the three TECHNIQUES depends on the surgeon preferences and the environment in which the unilateral orchidectomy is performed. The volume of the remaining testis recorded at the end of the study was significantly greater than that estimated at the start of the study (p<0.05). The percentage of sperm motility obtained from the remaining testis was significantly decreased (p<0.05). Histological examination of the testis in open surgery (group I) (where the scrotum was left opened) revealed severe hemorrhages, edema and fibrosis. The testis showed degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules and interstitial orchitis. Histological examination of the testes removed using a closed technique, (in groups II and III) where the scrotum wound was sutured, revealed hyperplasia of spermatogenic series and Leydig cells. In conclusion, unilateral orchidectomy had compensatory effects on the weight and volume of remaining testis. Adverse effects on sperm motility and viability can affect the fertility of the animal.

Confectionery sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the valuable crops which less is known about its variability. Fifty sunflower populations have been gathered from different regions of Iran and evaluated for agro-MORPHOLOGICAL traits in completely randomized design with 10 repetitions under pot conditions. The twenty traits including days from planting to flowering, days from planting to physiological maturity, number of leaves, leaf length, petiole length, leaf width, plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, shoot dried weight, head dried weight, aerial part dried weight, harvest index, 100-seed weight, single seed weight, dehulled kernel weight, dehulled kernel weight to whole kernel, seed length, seed width, and seed dried weight per plant were evaluated.Analysis of variance showed that there is a meaningful difference between all traits except for single seed weight and stem diameter. The highest positive correlation (0.95) was observed between single seed weight and dehulled kernel weight and the highest negative one (-0.61) was observed between number of leaves and harvest index. Principal component analysis decreased the studied variables to six components with the cumulative variance of 81%. Cluster analysis with Ward method classified them into four different groups. The maximum distance was observed between genotypes of groups 1 and 4 as well as 3 and 4. The comparison of trait means in groups resulted from cluster analysis by Tukey’s test demonstrated that the populations in the first group have the maximum values for most of the studied traits and populations in the fourth group have the minimum values and therefore they can be used for choosing appropriate parents in crossing programs.

Comprehensive recognition of urban form will be an effective step in success of developing new urban plans. Since urban form-MORPHOLOGICAL analysis provides a more comprehensive view of the city for endogenous and exogenous urban development plans, the present study aims to review the studies on urban form, and classify them in terms of quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as to introduce their approaches and TECHNIQUES. Therefore, a comprehensive classification of quantitative and qualitative studies on urban morphology, approaches and analysis TECHNIQUES is presented by examining the intellectual evolution of theorists and emphasizing the theoretical foundations of recent scientists such as Moudon, Olivier, and Kropf. Then, in the conceptual framework of the research, which is developed based on the studies reviewed, the constructive elements are introduced and the constructive urban form-morphology relations are analyzed. Despite some historical monuments and its high potential to become a tourism-historical hub of the city, the Darb-e Babataher Neighborhood, located in the historical core of Khorramabad, faces a lack of attention to its physical-spatial values and qualities. The present study is applied research carried out using the mixed (quantitative and qualitative) method. The qualitative methods applied in the present study are exploratory studies and directed content analysis. This research extracts cognitive tools and analytical methods by classifying the urban form-MORPHOLOGICAL study approaches, presenting TECHNIQUES appropriate to each approach and analyzing the content of its ideas. The Urban Network Analysis (UNA) technique is used to analyze the case study and investigate the mobility in it using five «reach, gravity, betweenness, closeness, and straightness» functions in network analysis. Findings indicate that based on respect for the valuable space remained from the past, the character of urban neighborhoods in historical textures can be strengthened and consolidated by combining complementary design, endogenous development, and adaptive design while preserving the MORPHOLOGICAL elements and the main characteristics of the texture.

Background and objectives: In Iran, reducing of water resources and increasing of water losses in the various methods of the surface irrigation, has increased attention to pressurized irrigation method, especially drip irrigation. Application of the plastic mulch method is used in cultivation of early sweet corn. Application of this technique due to providing temperature in both plant growth and early maturity results the on-time delivery of product to the target market. Additionally, to reducing of water consumption, using germinated seedlings in the greenhouse and transplants it under plastic on the farm, cause early maturity.Materials and methods: In order to evaluation of yield and some MORPHOLOGICAL characteristics of sweet corn by different irrigation levels and cultivation TECHNIQUES, an experiment was carried out as split plot in randomize complete blocks design with three replication in Faculty of Agriculture, Research Field Station of Yasouj University in 2015. The main factor consisted of three levels of irrigation (100 (I1), 75 (I2) and 50 percentage of water requirement (I3)) and the sub-factors were cultivation TECHNIQUES of sweet corn in six levels (seed cultivation of sweet corn under plastic mulch on April 4 (CT1), seedling cultivation under plastic mulch on April 4 (CT2), seed cultivation to conventional method of sweet corn on May 5 (CT3), seed cultivation of sweet corn under plastic mulch on May 5 (CT4), seedling cultivation of sweet corn under plastic mulch on May 5 (CT5) and seedling cultivation to conventional method of sweet corn on May 5 (CT6)).Results: The result indicated that interaction effect of irrigation and cultivation TECHNIQUES were significant on ear yield, the canned yield, water use efficiency based on fresh grain, forage yield and biological yield. The maximum ear yield was obtained in I2CT1, I1CT1, I2CT2 and I1CT2 treatment equal to 1442, 1441, 1369 and 1351 g m-2, respectively. The minimum ear yield was obtained in I3CT3 treatment equal to 706 g m-2. The maximum canned yield was obtained in I1CT1, I2CT1, I1CT2 and I2CT2 treatment equal to 558.7, 551.1, 536.2 and 527.4 g m-2, respectively. Transplanting accelerated plant growth and development. The maximum water use efficiency based on fresh grain was obtained in I2CT2, I2CT1, I3CT2 and I3CT1 treatment equal to 2.21, 2.18, 2.16 and 2.14 Kg m-3, respectively. With increasing of water consumption economic efficiency of water consumption decreased. Then drip irrigation along with supplying 75 percentage water requirement with achieve acceptable performance with maximum water use efficiency. The maximum forage yield and biological yield were in I1CT1 treatment equal to 2008 and 3399 g m-2 and the minimum forage yield and biological yield were in I3CT6 treatment equal to 1237 and 1947 g m-2, respectively. The effect of irrigation was significant on ear length and the effect of cultivation TECHNIQUES was significant on plant height. The maximum ear length 100 percentage water requirement in treatment were equal to 20.3 cm and the minimum in 50 percentage water requirement treatment equal to 17.6 cm. the maximum plant height was obtained in seed cultivation under plastic mulch on April 4.Conclusion: If there are water restrictions, application of 75 percentage of water requirement of sweet corn with plastic mulch is suitable for maximum yield production.